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Water hammer, also known as water hammer effect or fluid hammer, stands as one of the most harmful events in industrial piping systems with pumps and valves. This quick pressure jump comes from fast shifts in fluid speed. In work uses like water supply networks, pump stations, power plants, and chemical processing facilities, top pressures can hit many times the usual work pressure. This leads to pipe breaks, valve harm, instrument breakdowns, pump back spin, and even big system stops.
The event comes from the fluid's push. When flow halts or flips fast, move energy turns quick into pressure energy. This builds high-pressure waves that bounce at edges like shut valves or turns. So, it causes up-and-down pressure shifts until rub loss spreads the energy.
Fast valve shut or open marks the top common start. Quick close of big-size gate valves, butterfly valves, or ball valves cuts flow sudden. Thus, the fluid stack hits the valve plate hard. In the same way, fast pump start with full-open out valve from power loss speed up or slow down flow right away.
Check valve—from stuck plate, weak spring, or wrong size—slams shut in flow flip. This makes strong back flow hammer. Pump problems like wheel harm or link break cut out sudden. It acts like fast stop.
Long-reach, big-size pipes boost push effects. There, small speed shifts make bigger jumps. Big height gaps (>20 m) in one-line systems add pull energy from gravity. This makes shifts stronger. Bad setup with fast direction changes, height (tops or dips), or size shifts makes bounce spots for pressure waves.
Fast valve works make heard "banging" or hit sounds, pipe shakes. Metal pipes get weld line cracks over time. Plastic or PVC parts face joint split and drips.
Fast pump halt—often from power cuts—causes back flow. This slams check valves and makes extreme out overpressure. Pumps face wheel back turn, bearing overload, and shaft wear.
Water build-up then fast steam valve open pushes water bits at high speed. They hit turns, valves, or end spots with blast force. Hits break valve insides, shift pipes, and crack holds.
Good water hammer check uses a step-by-step way. It covers source cut, shift soft, and end guard. This blends across plan, gear pick, work, and care.
Pick right pipe sizes to keep speeds under 1.5 m/s for water systems. For long high-lift lines, use multi-step pumping with mid holds to cut push lengths. Skip fast shape changes. Use slow reducers/expanders and cut unneeded tops/dips. Put auto air valves at top spots and drain valves at lows to stop air catch. Choose pumps with fit lifts and valves with built-in slow-shut traits.
Push slow valve moves: keep big valve shut to 10-30 seconds. In steam lines, heat pipes full and drain water before valve open. Regular checks aim at check valve. Hold pipe supports against shake-loose.
Water hammer stays a steady issue in growing big-scale, high-lift fluid systems. It calls for active, many-sided plans from start through life cycle.
Water hammer results from the sudden change in fluid velocity, converting kinetic energy into pressure waves due to fluid inertia and low compressibility.
A malfunctioning check valve closes abruptly during reverse flow, blocking backflow suddenly and generating high-pressure surges.
They allow controlled closure, reducing reverse flow velocity and mitigating the intensity of pressure transients.
FLUIDO offers an extensive portfolio including gate valves, butterfly valves, check valves (with silent and dual-plate options to reduce slam surges), ball valves, globe valves, and strainers—all available in cast iron, ductile iron, and stainless steel materials tailored for demanding pump stations, water supply networks, and industrial piping systems.
Backed by rigorous quality control and years of fluid control expertise, FLUIDO provides customized OEM solutions and reliable components that enhance system stability and longevity. Contact the team today to discuss specific project needs, request detailed product catalogs, or secure competitive quotations for optimized valve selections.
